70 Matters Related to Fasting pdf download

70 MATTERS RELATED TO FASTING – Book Sample

How is the Onset of Ramadan Determined?

(9) The onset of Ramadan is confirmed by the sighting of the new moon or by the completion of thirty days of Sha’baan. Whoever sees the crescent of the new moon or hears about it from a trustworthy source is obliged to fast.

Using calculations to determine the onset of Ramadan is a bid‘ah (innovation), because the hadeeth of the Prophet () clearly states:

“Fast when you see it (the new moon) and break your fast when you see it.” 40

If an adult, sane, trustworthy, reliable Muslim who has good eyesight says that he has seen the crescent with his own eyes, then we should take his word for it and act accordingly (i.e., start fasting).

Who is Obligated to Fast?

(10) Fasting is an obligation on every adult, sane, resident [i.e., not traveling] Muslim who is able to fast and has nothing to prevent him or her from doing so, such as menstruation or postpartum bleeding.

A person is deemed to have reached adulthood when any one of the following three things occur:

1. emission of semen, whether in a wet dream or otherwise;
2. growth of coarse pubic hair around the private parts;
3. attainment of fifteen years of age.

In the case of females, there is a fourth, namely menstruation. When a girl reaches menarche (starts her periods), she is obliged to fast even if she has not yet reached the age of ten.

(11) Children should be instructed to fast at the age of seven if they are able to, and some scholars said that as in the case of Salaah, a child may be physically disciplined at the age of ten if he does not fast.41 Children will be rewarded for fasting, and their parents will be rewarded for bringing them up properly and guiding them to do righteous deeds. Al‐Rubayyi’ bint Mu‘awwidh () said, speaking about Ramadan when it was made obligatory:

“We used to make our children fast, and we would make them a toy made out of wool. If any one of them started to cry for food, we would give them that toy to play with until it was time to break the fast.”42

Some people do not think that it is important to instruct their children to fast. Indeed a child may be enthusiastic about fasting and may be capable of doing it, but his father or mother may tell him not to fast out of so‐ called “pity” for him. They do not realize that true pity and compassion consist of helping him to become accustomed to fasting. Allaah says:

“O you who believe! Ward off from yourselves and your families a Fire (Hell) whose fuel is men and stones, over which are (appointed) angels stern (and) severe, who disobey not, (fromexecuting) the Commands they receive from Allaah, but do that which they are commanded.” [Surah al‐Tahreem 66:6]

Extra attention must be given to the matter of girls when they have just reached the age of maturity, for they may fast during their menses out of shyness without making up their fasts later.

If a kaafir (non‐Muslim) becomes Muslim, if a child reaches puberty, or if an insane person comes to his senses during the day, they should refrain from eating until dusk, for they are now among those who are obligated to fast. They do not, however, have to make up for the days of Ramadan that they have missed, for at that specific time they were not among those upon whom fasting was obligatory.

The insane are not held responsible for their actions (their deeds are not recorded), but if a person is insane at times and sane at others, he must fast during his periods of sanity and is excused during his periods of insanity. If he becomes insane during the day, this does not invalidate his fast, just as is the case if someone becomes unconscious because of illness or some other reason, for he had the intention of fasting when he was sane.43 A similar case is the ruling governing epileptics.

If someone dies during Ramadan, there is no “debt” on him or his heirs with regard to the remaining days of the month.

If someone does not know that it is obligatory to fast Ramadan or that it is haraam to eat or have sexual intercourse during the day in this month, then according to the majority of scholars, this excuse is acceptable. This may be the case for a new convert to Islam, a Muslim living in Daar al‐Harb (non‐Muslim lands) and a Muslim who grew up among the kuffaar. As for those who were raised amongst Muslims and were able to ask questions and find out, they have no excuse.

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