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A summary of logic- al-Mūjaz Fi al-Mantiq BY Sayyid Şādiq Shirāzi Translation and Notes By ‘Ali ‘Abdur-Rasheed

A SUMMARY OF LOGIC- AL-MŪJAZ FI AL-MANTIQ

Book’s preface

 What is the benefit of Logic?

What is the need of learning and studying it?

 It is a question you strike in the mind of every student of modern schools. (It is a question) which opens with it a discussion around Logic because the general methods of study and the vast intellectual writings in the world today are devoid of the study of Logic to the utmost degree.

 Therefore, it is the right of the student to bring this question to mind because since he opened his eyes in the primary levels), until the end of the university, the name Logichas not come to his attention during the times which he has studied a lot and acquired many types of knowledge of various sciences and arts.

The answer: Mistakes in sciences are its corruption and effect in the measure of the matter in which one was mistaken.

Then, a mistake in grammar, its meaning is pronunciation with that which is improper with the ‘Arab.

A mistake in Balaghah (an advanced level of ‘Arabic studies), its meaning is to speak with that which is not appropriate with cultured writers and eloquent speakers. A mistake in history, its meaning is to attribute an occurrence to other than its owner, and so forth and so on.

 It is natural that there be differences in the measure of a mistake in intensity and feebleness, abundance and insignificance. However, it is a mistake in the individual subject with regard to a specific matter.

Regarding the mistake in thinking and confusion in drawing condusions, it is the greatest of mistakes and the worst confusion because it is a common mistake encompassing every scence and art.

Logic is the knowledge which protects man from mistakes in thinking. The relationship of a mistake in thinking to a mistake in other than grammar, Balaghah and history and other than that is nothing except like relating a mistake in the entire rule to a mistake in a one of the parts of this rule.

 He who learned, mistakenly, that every Subject isgenove), imagine it occurring in tens and hundreds of mistakes daily contrary to the convention that every Subject is nominate).

 However, he is mistaken in pronunciation once and makes the Subject genitve. Likewise, he who makes a mistake in thinking, it is necessary that mistakes happen for him tens of times daily in science, all of them.

Logic, then, is that which protects our thinking from negligence and confusion in drawing conclusions and from being deluded by mistakes and distortion in disputations.

Logic, then, uncovers for us the place of the mistake and it informs us of the situation of the distortion. It puts the dots on the letters, completely.

 It is the knowledge which protects you from confusion in each of the sciences. Without it, you cannot be safe from inattentiveness in whichever knowledge.

 This which we have mentioned is not realized by the student except after study of this science with comprehension and (after) he understands it in depth.

This valuable benefit of Logic is only that it draws from the inner-most human nature and the usage of general rational principles which makes Logic such that man meets it with his reasoning and his nature before his ears and is sight

Therefore, it is necessary for every researcher, investigator and inquirer that the rules of Logic be set upon his total insight in order that he not be mistaken with regard to his assumption that he is correct and is not mistaken in that which he believes to be proper.

Most of these corrupt fundamentals which sweep away the majority of people in its snare are only the result of their lack of study of the science of Logic in the methodology of common world studies today.

Then, you see people, among them the thinkers, bending with every wind. If they could recognize the correct argumentation from its corrupt (argumentation) and the correct method of drawing conclusions from its mistaken (methods) and the manner of deducing results from premises, they do not slip with every arriving thought and they do not embrace every new opinion.

This book, a Miyaz F a Manriq, is only a beginning effort in this field in order to give the student of this science experience in the most important of its universal rules. Then, this study of the detailed books will become a point of insight and understanding.

By God, the answerable, make it a treasure for the day of neediness and meet it goodly acceptance, surely He is the Hearing (and the ) Answerer.

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