Al-Ghazali’s Moderation in Belief pdf download

AL-GHAZALI’S MODERATION IN BELIEF – Book Sample

Contents of AL-GHAZALI’S MODERATION IN BELIEF book

1. First Introduction
2. On showing that to wade into this science is important for the religion
3. Second Introduction
4. On showing that to wade into this science, although it is important, is
5. unimportant for some people but what is important for them is to avoid it
6. Third Introduction
7. On showing that the occupation with this science is a collective obligation
8. Fourth Introduction

On explaining the methods of proof that we employ in this book

FIRST TREATISE

1. Theoretical Reflection on the Essence of God
2. First Proposition: The existence of God
3. Second Proposition: God is eternal anteriorly
4. Third Proposition: God is eternal posteriorly
5. Fourth Proposition: God is not an extended substance
6. Fifth Proposition: God is not a body
7. Sixth Proposition: God is not a mode
8. Seventh Proposition: God is not located in a direction
9. Eighth Proposition: No anthropomorphic description is true of God
10. Ninth Proposition: God is seeable
11. First Aspect: First Rational Approach
12. First Aspect: Second Rational Approach
13. Second Aspect: The Evidence of the Revelation
14. Tenth Proposition: God is one

SECOND TREATISE

• On the Divine Attributes

FIRST PART – AL-GHAZALI’S MODERATION IN BELIEF

• First Attribute: Power
• First Question
• Second Question
• Third Question
• Second Attribute: Knowledge
• Third Attribute: Life
• Fourth Attribute: Will
• Fifth and Sixth Attributes: Hearing and Sight
• Seventh Attribute: Speech
• First Objection
• Second Objection
• Third Objection
• Fourth Objection
• Fifth Objection

SECOND PART – AL-GHAZALI’S MODERATION IN BELIEF

1. On the general characteristics of the divine attributes, concerning that
2. which they share and that in which they differ
3. First Characteristic: The attributes are additional to the essence
4. Second Characteristic: The attributes subsist in the essence
5. Third Characteristic: The attributes are eternal
6. Fourth Characteristic: The names that are derived from these divine
7. attributes are true of God eternally

THIRD TREATISE

• On the Acts of God
• First Proposition: It is possible for God not to create; and if He creates, it is
• not obligatory for Him to do so; and if He creates people, He might not
• assign obligations to them; and if He does assign obligations, it is not
• obligatory for Him to do so
• Second Proposition: It is up to God to assign to His servants obligations,
• whether within their ability or beyond their ability
• Third Proposition: God is able to bring suffering upon an animal that is
• innocent of any crime and He is not required to reward it
• Fourth Proposition: It is not obligatory for God to care for the well-being of
• His servants, but He may do whatever He wills and decree whatever He
• wants
• Fifth Proposition: If God assigns obligations to His servants and they obey
• Him, then it is not obligatory for Him to reward them; rather if He wants to,
• He may reward them, punish them, or even annihilate them and never
• resurrect them; He does not care whether He forgives all the infidels and
• punishes all the believers; and this is not impossible in itself, nor does it
• contradict any of the divine attributes
• Sixth Proposition: If the revelation had not come, it would not be incumbent
• upon mankind to know God and to thank Him for His blessings
• Seventh Proposition: Sending prophets is contingent; it is neither
• impossible nor obligatory

FOURTH TREATISE

FIRST CHAPTER – AL-GHAZALI’S MODERATION IN BELIEF

• On establishing the prophethood of our prophet, Muḥammad
• The First Way of Proving the Prophethood of Muḥammad by Means of
• Miracles: the Miracle of the Qur’ān
• The Second Way of Proving the Prophethood of Muḥammad by Means of
• Miracles: Other Miracles

SECOND CHAPTER – AL-GHAZALI’S MODERATION IN BELIEF

• On showing that it is obligatory to believe in matters reported in the
• revelation and deemed possible by reason
• Introduction
• First Section
• Resurrection
• The Torment of the Grave
• The Balance
• The Path
• Second Section
• An Intellectual Issue
• A Semantical Issue
• A Legal Issue

THIRD CHAPTER – AL-GHAZALI’S MODERATION IN BELIEF

• On the Imamate
• First Issue: On showing that appointing an imam is obligatory
• Second Issue: On showing who among mankind may be appointed an imam
• Third Issue: On explaining the belief of the followers of the Sunna
• regarding the Prophet’s companions and the rightly-guided caliphs

FOURTH CHAPTER

• On explaining which among the sects must be charged with infidelity
• Interpretive Essay
• Bibliography
• Index of Qurʾānic Verses
• Index of Ḥadīths
• Subject Index

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