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Ibn abd alwahhab Makers of the Islamic world

IBN ABD ALWAHHAB MAKERS OF THE ISLAMIC WORLD
  • Book Title:
 Ibn Abd Alwahhab
  • Book Author:
MICHAEL CRAWFORD, Muhammad bin Abdul-Wahhaab
  • Total Pages
149
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Ibn abd alwahhab by Michael Crawford – Makers of the Islamic world – Book Samplea

IBN ABD ALWAHHAB

Book Contents

THE WAHHABI PHENOMENON

  • Contested Origins
  • Divisive Sect or New Orthodoxy?
  • Backward-Looking or Ahead of Its Time?
  • Religious Universalism and Political Particularism
  • Sources of a Controversial History

AGITATOR FOR GOD

  • Scion of a Small Town Culture
  • Regional Travel and Early Influences
  • Response to an Ecumenical Challenge?
  • Narrow Window on the Wider Islamic World
  • Relaunching the Campaign for Godliness
  • The al-‘Uyayna Years

GUIDE OF THE COMMUNITY

  • Alliance with the Al Sa‘ud of al-Dir‘iyya
  • Overturning the Status Quo
  • The Battle for Najd
  • Later Career
  • Personality

CHAMPION OF TRUE BELIEF

  • Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab’s Writings
  • Assertion of Orthodoxy
  • Oneness of God
  • Tawhid in Action
  • Friends, Enemies, and the Fifth Column
  • A Community Apart

IDEOLOGUE OF STRUGGLE

  • Excommunication (Takfir)
  • Secondary Takfir and Emigration (Hijra)
  • Jihad

SCOURGE OF POLYTHEISTS

  • Sunni Clerical Opponents
  • The Bedouin
  • Customary Law
  • Takfir of the Bedouin
  • Tribalism and the Bedouin
  • Holy Men, Cults, and Sufis
  • The Shi‘a

THE REGIME OF GODLINESS AND THE POLITICAL ORDER

  • Explaining the Genesis of Wahhabism
  • Social and Economic Trends
  • State Formation and the Regime of Godliness
  • Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong
  • Government and the Political Order
  • Obedience to the Ruler
  • Princes and Clerics
  • Imamate
  • Administration of Justice
  • Social Justice
  • Conclusion

WAHHABISM, SAUDI STATES, AND FOREIGN POWERS

  • Saudi Expansion and Conquest of the Holy Cities
  • Spreading the Word
  • Destruction of al-Dir‘iyya
  • Wahhabi View of the Ottomans
  • Saudis and Christian Powers
  • The Second Saudi State’s Uneven Career
  • Civil War and Collapse of the Second Saudi State
  • Restoration and Renewal
  • The Ikhwan and Internal Dissidence
  • Senior Clerics Become Officials
  • The Nasserist Challenge and the Saudi Bid for Islamic
  • Leadership

WAHHABISM AND RELIGIOUS RADICALISM IN SAUDI ARABIA

  • The Trauma of Juhayman
  • The “Awakening”
  • Jihadism

BN ‘ABD AL-WAHHAB’S LEGACY

  • Bibliography
  • Further Reading
  • Index

Book introduction

Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab arosed great controversy in his lifetime. Two centuries and more after his death in 1792 he still provokes strong, often passionate, views. For some Muslims he is the model of a religious

activist who fought against the odds to establish a regime of Islamic

godliness. For others, especially Shi‘a or those associated with mystic orders, he is a hate figure. Some also see him as the ideological progenitor of Usama bin Ladin and the modern scourge of al-Qa‘ida. Few would deny he has shaped the Muslim world.

Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab created a remarkable phenomenon in the Wahhabi movement that is named after him.

 For over 250 years it has rested on the twin pillars of a clear credo and an unbroken alliance with temporal power. Absolutist theology and political and religious ambition made it the dominant force in Arabia.

It transformed its champions, the Al Sa‘ud (House of Sa‘ud), from the petty rulers of a central Arabian settlement with a talent for balancing interests in the eighteenth century, into the guardians of Mecca and Medina (Islam’s two Holy Places) and beneficiaries of some of the earth’s greatest proven oil reserves in the twentieth.

Both movement and dynasty have endured many vicissitudes since the 1740s. For all the accusations against them of doctrinal and institutional rigidity, they have demonstrated both resilience and adaptability.

Long experience of triumphs and bitter defeats has made the Al Sa‘ud cautious in wielding the enormous religious, political, and economic power they possess today. Older Saudi princes have a strong sense of history. Others may have forgotten distant events in the Arabian Peninsula; they have not.

I became interested in early Wahhabism in the late 1970s when Gulf studies were in their infancy and the Iranian revolution

consumed much academic attention. Saudi history was barely charted territory. My concern then, as now, was with the relationships between religious doctrine, political power, and events on the ground.

Although this book focuses on the career, teachings, and impact of Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab, in these pages he shares the limelight with the movement forever associated with his name, and with the Al Sa‘ud who became arbiters of its fate.

Since this book is as much about early Wahhabism as about Ibn ‘Abd al- Wahhab, I devote chapter 1 to a brief overview of the Wahhabi phenomenon. The next two chapters outline Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab’s background, career, and personality.

 The following three review his core doctrine of the Oneness of God (explained in chapter 2 and then in greater detail in chapter 4), its supporting concepts, and the main targets in society of his criticism.

Chapter 7 considers Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab’s stance on the regulation of society and government, and reflects on unresolved questions about the origins of Wahhabism: why then? why there? and why in that form?

 Chapter 8 offers an outline of the history of the three Saudi states, the first spanning the period 1744–1818, the second lasting from the 1820s until the 1880s, and the third in existence since 1902.

Chapter 9 reviews briefly the ideological development of modern Wahhabism in Arabia, and its relationship with Salafism and jihadi extremism.

Concluding remarks on Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab’s achievement in chapter 10 are succeeded in the appendix by a short bibliography and suggested further reading on him, Wahhabism, and Saudi history.

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