Inquiry into Physics pdf

Book Title:	Inquiry into Physics
Book Author:	VERN J. OSTDIEK
Book Pages:	562
PDF Size:	40.78 Mb(s)
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Language:	English
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 Inquiry into Physics

Book Description

“Inquiry into Physics, Eighth Edition” by Vern J. Ostdiek and Donald J. Bord is a comprehensive and insightful exploration of the fascinating world of physics. This edition, published in 2018 by Cengage Learning, offers an engaging and enriching experience for students delving into the realm of physics.

The book commences with a Prologue, providing a foundational introduction to physics, its relevance, and the methodology employed in understanding the subject. It delves into the fundamental physical quantities and measurements, setting the stage for an in-depth exploration of motion in Chapter 1, aptly titled “The Study of Motion.” Concepts like speed, velocity, acceleration, and different types of motion are discussed in detail, laying a solid groundwork for understanding Newton’s laws of motion, which is the focal point of Chapter 2.

Chapter 2, titled “Newton’s Laws,” elaborates on the fundamental principles of motion put forth by Sir Isaac Newton. It covers topics such as force, mass, weight, and introduces readers to Newton’s three laws of motion. The law of universal gravitation is also explored in this chapter, highlighting its applications in the context of planetary motion and orbits.

Moving forward, Chapter 3 delves into “Energy and Conservation Laws.” It explores the fundamental concepts of energy, work, heat, and their interrelationship. The chapter also delves into conservation laws, providing insights into linear momentum, collisions, and the preservation of energy.

As the book progresses, it explores various aspects of matter and its properties in Chapter 4, aptly titled “Physics of Matter.” It covers phases of matter, pressure, density, and delves into the fascinating world of fluid mechanics, encompassing fluid pressure, Archimedes’ principle, Pascal’s principle, and Bernoulli’s principle.

Chapter 5, titled “Temperature and Heat,” delves into thermal physics, covering topics like temperature scales, thermal expansion, heat transfer, specific heat capacity, phase transitions, and thermodynamics, providing a comprehensive understanding of how heat and temperature influence matter.

Waves and sound are the focal points of Chapter 6. This chapter, titled “Waves and Sound,” introduces readers to wave propagation, wave types, sound production, and its perception. Various wave properties are explored, including reflection, diffraction, and interference, contributing to a deeper comprehension of the behavior of waves in different mediums.

Chapter 7, “Electricity,” takes readers into the realm of electric charge, electric currents, electromagnetism, and electromagnetic waves. It covers topics such as electric fields, electric circuits, magnetism, and introduces the fascinating world of electromagnetic waves, including radio waves, X-rays, and more.

Chapter 8, “Electromagnetism and EM Waves,” elaborates on the principles of magnetism and electromagnetic waves. It delves into applications of electromagnetic waves in different domains, including optics and astronomy.

Chapter 9, titled “Optics,” delves into the fascinating world of light and optics. It covers topics like reflection, refraction, lenses, mirrors, and the behavior of light waves, offering a comprehensive understanding of how light interacts with various optical elements.

The subsequent chapters, 10 to 12, explore atomic physics, nuclear physics, and modern physics, providing an in-depth understanding of the microscopic world, quantum mechanics, and the fundamental principles that govern the behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic levels.

“Inquiry into Physics, Eighth Edition” is a rich resource that not only equips students with the fundamental knowledge of physics but also instills in them a sense of curiosity and wonder about the workings of the natural world. The authors have skillfully crafted the book to be approachable and engaging, making it an ideal textbook for anyone embarking on a journey to understand the captivating world of physics.

Book Contents

• Prologue: Getting Started
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Why Learn Physics?
• 3 What Is Physics?
• 4 How Is Physics Done?
• 5 How Does One Learn Physics?
• 6 Physical Quantities and Measurement
• Commercial Applications: The Metric System: “For All Time, for All People.”
• Chapter 1: The Study of Motion
• Chapter Introduction: Drag Racing
• 1 Fundamental Physical Quantities
• 1a Distance
• 1b Time
• 1c Mass
• Commercial Applications: Time Out!
• 2 Speed and Velocity
• 2a Speed
• 2b Velocity
• 2c Vector Addition
• 3 Acceleration
• 3a Centripetal Acceleration
• 4 Simple Types of Motion
• 4a Constant Velocity
• 4b Constant Acceleration
• 4c More on Kinematics Graphs
• Profiles in Physics: Aristotle vs. Galileo
• Summary
• Important Equations
• Mapping it Out!
• Questions
• Problems
• Challenges
• Chapter 2: Newton’s Laws
• Chapter Introduction: New Horizons—Old Physics
• 1 Force
• 1a Weight
• 1b Friction
• 2 Newton’s First Law of Motion
• 2a Centripetal Force
• 3 Mass
• 4 Newton’s Second Law of Motion
• 4a Force and Acceleration
• 4b The International System of Units (SI)
• 5 Examples: Different Forces, Different Motions
• 5a Projectile Motion Revisited
• 5b Simple Harmonic Motion
• 5c Falling Body with Air Resistance
• Mathematical Applications: Chaotic Dynamics
• 6 Newton’s Third Law of Motion
• 7 The Law of Universal Gravitation
• 7a Orbits
• 7b Gravitational Field
• 8 Tides
• Profiles in Physics: Isaac Newton
• Summary
• Important Equations
• Mapping it Out!
• Questions
• Problems
• Challenges
• Chapter 3: Energy and Conservation Laws
• Chapter Introduction: Forensic Physics
• 1 Conservation Laws
• 2 Linear Momentum
• 2a Newton’s Second Law, Revisited
• 2b Conservation of Linear Momentum: Collisions
• 3 Work: The Key to Energy
• 3a Work
• 3b Different Forces, Different Work
• 4 Energy
• 4a Mechanical Energy: Kinetic and Potential
• 4b Other Forms of Potential Energy
• 5 The Conservation of Energy
• 5a Applications of Energy Conservation
• 6 Collisions: An Energy Perspective
• 6a Types of Collisions
• 6b Noncontact Collisions
• 7 Power
• Environmental Applications: Exponential Growth and the Energy “Crisis”
• 8 Rotation and Angular Momentum
• 8a Rotational Kinematics
• 8b Rotational Dynamics
• Profiles in Physics: Archimedes of Syracuse: Engineering Physicist
• Summary
• Important Equations
• Mapping it Out!
• Questions
• Problems
• Challenges
• Chapter 4: Physics of Matter
• Chapter Introduction: Airships
• 1 Matter: Phases, Forms, and Forces
• 1a Phases of Matter
• 1b Forms of Matter
• 2 Pressure
• 2a Defining Pressure
• 2b Gauge Pressure
• 3 Density
• 3a Mass Density
• 3b Weight Density and Specific Gravity
• 4 Fluid Pressure and Gravity
• 4a The Law of Fluid Pressure
• 4b Fluid Pressure in the Atmosphere
• 5 Archimedes’ Principle
• 5a Buoyancy
• 5b Archimedes’ Principle
• 5c Applications of Archimedes’ Principle
• Low-Temperature Application: Superfluids: Friction-free Flow
• 6 Pascal’s Principle
• 7 Bernoulli’s Principle
• Profiles in Physics: The Rise of the Modern Atomic Theory and the Development of Fluid Physics
• Summary
• Important Equations
• Mapping It Out!
• Questions
• Problems
• Challenges
• Chapter 5: Temperature and Heat
• Chapter Introduction: Hurricanes
• 1 Temperature
• 1a Temperature Scales
• 1b Temperature and Energy
• 2 Thermal Expansion
• 2a Solids: Linear Expansion
• 2b Liquids
• 2c Gases: The Ideal Gas Law
• 3 The First Law of Thermodynamics
• 3a Heat and Internal Energy
• 3b The First Law of Thermodynamics
• 4 Heat Transfer
• 4a Conduction
• 4b Convection
• 4c Radiation
• 4d Combinations
• 5 Specific Heat Capacity
• 6 Phase Transitions
• 6a Latent Heats
• 6b Humidity
• 7 Heat Engines and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
• 7a Heat Engines
• 7b Heat Movers
• Profiles in Physics: Thermometry and Calorimetry
• Summary
• Important Equations
• Mapping it Out!
• Questions
• Problems
• Challenges
• Chapter 6: Waves and Sound
• Chapter Introduction: Sound Medicine
• 1 Waves—Types and Properties
• 1a Wave Types and Speed
• 1b Amplitude, Wavelength, and Frequency
• 2 Aspects of Wave Propagation
• 2a Wave Front

• s
  • 2b Huygens’ Principle
  • 2c Diffraction and Interference
  • 3 The Wave Equation
  • 3a The Wave Equation
  • 3b The Wave Function
  • 4 Sound
  • 4a Sound Wave Properties
  • 4b The Speed of Sound
  • 4c Intensity and Sound Level
  • 5 Doppler Effect
  • 5a The Doppler Effect for Sound
  • 5b Doppler Effect Applications
  • 6 Superposition and Standing Waves
  • 6a Superposition of Waves
  • 6b Standing Waves
  • 7 Resonance
  • 7a Resonance
  • 7b Forced Vibrations and Resonance
  • Profiles in Physics: Understanding Wave Behavior
  • Summary
  • Important Equations
  • Mapping it Out!
  • Questions
  • Problems
  • Challenges
  • Chapter 7: Optics
  • Chapter Introduction: Optics in Nature
  • 1 Reflection and Refraction
  • 1a Reflection
  • 1b Refraction
  • 2 Lenses and Mirrors
  • 2a Thin Lenses
  • 2b Mirror Reflection
  • 3 Image Formation
  • 3a Image Formation with Lenses
  • 3b Image Formation with Mirrors
  • 4 Vision and Optical Instruments
  • 4a The Human Eye
  • 4b Optical Instruments
  • 5 Wave Optics: Interference and Diffraction
  • 5a Interference
  • 5b Diffraction
  • 6 Polarization
  • 6a Polarization by Reflection
  • 6b Polarization by Transmission
  • 7 Color
  • Environmental Applications: Light Pollution
  • Profiles in Physics: The Development of Optics from Ancient Greece to the Modern Era
  • Summary
  • Important Equations
  • Mapping it Out!
  • Questions
  • Problems
  • Challenges
  • Chapter 8: Electricity and Magnetism
  • Chapter Introduction: A Shocking Experience
  • 1 Electric Charge and Electric Field
  • 1a Electric Charge
  • 1b Conductors and Insulators
  • 2 Coulomb’s Law
  • 2a Coulomb’s Law
  • 2b Electric Field
  • 2c Electric Field Lines
  • 3 Electric Potential
  • 3a Electric Potential Energy and Electric Potential
  • 3b Electric Potential Due to Point Charges
  • 3c Equipotential Surfaces and Conductors
  • 4 Capacitance
  • 4a Capacitance and Dielectrics
  • 5 Electric Current and Resistance
  • 5a Electric Current
  • 5b Resistance
  • 5c Electric Power
  • 6 DC Circuits
  • 6a Simple DC Circuits
  • 6b Kirchhoff’s Rules
  • 6c RC Circuits
  • 7 Magnetism
  • 7a Magnetism and Magnetic Fields
  • 7b The Magnetic Force on Moving Charges
  • 8 Electromagnetic Induction
  • 8a Faraday’s Law
  • 8b Lenz’s Law
  • 9 AC Circuits
  • 9a Alternating Current
  • 9b RLC Circuits
  • 10 Maxwell’s Equations and Electromagnetic Waves
  • 10a Maxwell’s Equations
  • 10b Electromagnetic Waves
  • Mathematical Applications: Fourier Analysis and Signal Processing
  • Environmental Applications: Electromagnetic Pollution
  • Profiles in Physics: The Unification of Electricity and Magnetism
  • Summary
  • Important Equations
  • Mapping it Out!
  • Questions
  • Problems
  • Challenges
  • Chapter 9: The Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity
  • Chapter Introduction: Nuclear Medicine
  • 1 Basic Properties of Nuclei
  • 1a Basic Properties of Nuclei
  • 1b Radioactivity
  • 2 Types of Radioactive Decay
  • 2a Alpha Decay
  • 2b Beta Decay
  • 2c Gamma Decay
  • 3 Radioactive Decay Kinematics
  • 3a Half-life and Decay Constants
  • 3b Exponential Decay
  • 4 Nuclear Reactions
  • 4a Conservation Laws
  • 4b Reaction Types
  • 5 Nuclear Energy
  • 5a Nuclear Binding Energy
  • 5b Nuclear Fission and Fusion
  • 6 Radiation and Its Biological Effects
  • 7 Radiation Detectors and Their Uses
  • 7a The Geiger Counter
  • 7b The Scintillation Counter
  • 7c The Proportional Counter
  • Environmental Applications: Environmental Radioactivity
  • Profiles in Physics: Marie Curie and the Discovery of Radioactivity
  • Summary
  • Important Equations
  • Mapping it Out!
  • Questions
  • Problems
  • Challenges
  • Chapter 10: The Quantum Revolution
  • Chapter Introduction: Quantum Mechanics in Everyday Life
  • 1 The Photon
  • 1a The Photoelectric Effect
  • 1b The Photon Model of Light
  • 2 Quantum Theory
  • 2a Quantization
  • 2b The Wave Function
  • 3 The Hydrogen Atom
  • 3a Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
  • 3b Quantum Mechanical Model of the Hydrogen Atom
  • 4 Atoms and Periodic Properties
  • 4a Electronic Structure of Atoms
  • 4b Quantum Numbers
  • 5 Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Theory
  • 5a Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Theory
  • 5b Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Theory: The Pauli Exclusion Principle
  • 6 Quantum Mechanics and Molecular Theory
  • 6a Quantum Mechanics and Molecular Theory
  • 6b Molecular Orbital

• Theory
  • 7 Quantum Mechanics and Solid-State Physics
  • 7a Quantum Mechanics and Solid-State Physics
  • 7b Band Theory
  • Mathematical Applications: Quantum Computing
  • Profiles in Physics: The Pioneers of Quantum Mechanics
  • Summary
  • Important Equations
  • Mapping it Out!
  • Questions
  • Problems
  • Challenges
  • Chapter 11: Nuclear Physics
  • Chapter Introduction: The Atom Unleashed
  • 1 Structure of the Nucleus
  • 1a The Neutron
  • 1b The Proton
  • 1c Nuclear Forces
  • 2 Nuclear Stability and Radioactive Decay
  • 2a Nuclear Stability
  • 2b Radioactive Decay
  • 3 Nuclear Reactions
  • 3a Nuclear Reactions
  • 3b Conservation Laws in Nuclear Reactions
  • 4 Nuclear Models
  • 4a The Liquid Drop Model
  • 4b The Shell Model
  • 5 Applications of Nuclear Physics
  • 5a Nuclear Medicine
  • 5b Nuclear Energy
  • 6 Particle Physics and the Fundamental Forces
  • 6a The Standard Model of Particle Physics
  • 6b The Fundamental Forces
  • 7 The Big Bang and Cosmology
  • 7a The Big Bang Theory
  • 7b Cosmic Microwave Background
  • Environmental Applications: Nuclear Energy and the Environment
  • Profiles in Physics: Nuclear Physics and the Atomic Bomb
  • Summary
  • Important Equations
  • Mapping it Out!
  • Questions
  • Problems
  • Challenges
  • Chapter 12: The Theory of Relativity
  • Chapter Introduction: From the Ordinary to the Extraordinary
  • 1 Special Theory of Relativity
  • 1a The Postulates of Special Relativity
  • 1b Time Dilation and Length Contraction
  • 2 Relativistic Energy and Momentum
  • 2a Relativistic Energy and Mass
  • 2b Relativistic Momentum
  • 3 General Theory of Relativity
  • 3a The Equivalence Principle
  • 3b The Curvature of Space and Time
  • 3c The Einstein Field Equations
  • 4 Black Holes and Cosmology
  • 4a Black Holes
  • 4b Cosmology
  • 5 The Unification of Forces
  • Profiles in Physics: Albert Einstein and the Theory of Relativity
  • Summary
  • Important Equations
  • Mapping it Out!
  • Questions
  • Problems
  • Challenges
  • Chapter 13: The World of Elementary Particles
  • Chapter Introduction: The Subatomic Zoo
  • 1 The Particle Zoo
  • 1a Fundamental Particles
  • 1b The Four Fundamental Forces
  • 2 The Standard Model
  • 2a The Electroweak Theory
  • 2b Quantum Chromodynamics
  • 3 The Higgs Boson
  • 3a The Higgs Mechanism
  • 3b The Discovery of the Higgs Boson
  • 4 Beyond the Standard Model
  • 4a Supersymmetry
  • 4b Grand Unified Theories
  • 4c String Theory
  • 5 Applications of Particle Physics
  • 6 The Cosmic Connection: Particle Physics and Cosmology
  • 7 Frontiers of Particle Physics
  • Environmental Applications: Particle Accelerators and the Environment
  • Profiles in Physics: The Pioneers of Particle Physics
  • Summary
  • Important Equations
  • Mapping it Out!
  • Questions
  • Problems
  • Challenges
  • Appendix A: Mathematical Tools
  • 1 Algebra and Functions
  • 1a Algebraic Expressions
  • 1b Functions and Their Properties
  • 2 Trigonometry
  • 2a Trigonometric Functions
  • 2b Trigonometric Identities
  • 3 Vectors
  • 3a Vector Basics
  • 3b Vector Addition and Subtraction
  • 4 Calculus
  • 4a Derivatives
  • 4b Integrals
  • 5 Differential Equations
  • 5a First-Order Differential Equations
  • 5b Second-Order Differential Equations
  • 6 Complex Numbers
  • 6a Basic Properties of Complex Numbers
  • 6b Complex Arithmetic
  • 7 Matrices and Linear Algebra
  • 7a Matrices and Matrix Operations
  • 7b Determinants and Inverses
  • 8 Probability and Statistics
  • 8a Probability Basics
  • 8b Statistics Basics
  • Appendix B: SI Units and Conversion Factors
  • Appendix C: Periodic Table of Elements
  • Appendix D: Selected Isotopes
  • Appendix E: Useful Formulas and Equations
  • Answers to Selected Problems
  • Glossary
  • Index

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