THE BATTLES OF THE PROPHET pdf download

THE BATTLES OF THE PROPHET by Ibn Kathirn – Book Sample

Introduction – THE BATTLES OF THE PROPHET

Studying the battles of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) is of great importance. ‘Ali Ibn Al-Husain (may Allah be pleased with him) said, “We used to teach the battles of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) equally as we used to teach the Surah of the Glorious Qur’ an.”

Az-Zuhari, likewise, said, “in studying the battles (of the Prophet) lies the knowledge of this world as well as the Hereafter. 11

Mu’ amar narrated that Az-Zuhari said, “After the migration of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) to Madinah, the first Qur’ anic verse revealed regarding fighting in the way of Allah, Most High, was,

·To those against whom war is made, permission is given to fight, because they are wronged, and verily Allah is Most Po1ver_ful for their aid.·((Al-Hajj: 39))

Then, the first battle the Prophet {peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) fought was Badr on

Friday, 17 ^th Ramadan, 2 AH; then Banu An-Nadir; then Uhud (3 AH); then Khaibar (6 AH); then the conquest of Makkah (8 AH); and then Hunain (8 AH). The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) launched 11 battles in which he did not set out with the fighters, those battles are: Al-Abwa’ (the first battle of the Prophet), Al-‘ Aashirah, Ghatfan, Banu Sulaim, Al-Abwat, the first Badr, At­ Ta’ if, Al-Hudaibiyyah, As-·Safra’, and Tabuk.

According to Al-Bukhari, Ibn Ishaq said, “The first battle the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) fought was the battle of Al-Abwa’; then Buwat; and then Al-‘ Ashira.”

Al-Bukhari narrated also on the authority of Abu Ishaq who said, “ünce, I was sitting beside Zaid Ibn Al-Arqam, he was asked, ‘How many battles did the Prophet undertake?’ Zaid replied, ‘Nineteen.’ They said, “in how many battles did you join him?’ He replied, ‘Seventeen.’ I asked, ‘Which of these was the first?’ He replied, ‘Al-‘ Ashira or Al-‘ Ashirau.'”

Buraida narrated that he fought sixteen battles with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).

In his Sahih, Muslim narrated that Buraida said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) undertook nineteen battles and participated in fighting in eight battles.

Moreover, Buraida said that his father narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) undertook seventeen battles and participated in fighting in eight battles: Badr, Uhud, Al-Ahzab, Al-Muraisi’, Qadid, Khaibar, the conquest of Makkah, and Hunain.

The Great Battle of Badr

غزوة بدر

The Expedition of’ Abudllah Ibn Jahsh: A Root­ Cause of the Great Battle of Badr

Ibn Ibn Ishaq narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) sent .. Abdullah Ibn Jahsh lbn Ri, ab Al-Asdi in the month of Rajab on his return from the first Badr. He (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) sent with him eight men from Al-Muhajreen. The nanıes of the eight Muhajreen were Abu Huzaifah Ibn ‘Utbah, ‘Akashah Ibn Mihsin, ‘Utbah Ibn Ghazwan, Sa’ d Ibn Abi Waqqas, ‘Amir Ibn Rabi’ ah Al-Wa’ili, Waqid, Ibn ‘Abdullah Ibn’ Abd Manaf, Khalid Ibn Al-Bakir, and Sahl Ibn Baida’ Al-Fihri.

Ibn Ishaq continued saying that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) wrote for Ibn Jahsh a letter and ordered him not to look at it until he had journeyed for two days, to carry out what he was ordered to do, and not to compel any one of his companions to do so. Having journeyed for two days, Ibn Jahsh opened the letter which said: “When you read my letter proceed forward until you reach Nakhlah between Makkah and At-Ta’if so as to lie in wait there for Quraish and find out to us their news.” When he read the letter he said, 11!1m the one who listens (the orders of his leader) and obeys.” Then he told his companions what the letter said and declared, “He – the Messenger of Allah – has forbidden me to force any one of you do so; thus if anyone wishes for the martyrdom, let hinı proceed forward; and he who does not, let him go back; as for me I’ m going to carry out what the Messenger of Allah has ordered me.”

He, Subsequently, proceeded forward and so did all his companio s. He journeyed along the Hijaz until at amine called Bahran above Al-Furu’, Sa’ d Ibn Abi Waqqas and ‘Utbah Ibn Ghazwan lost the camel which they were riding by tums, so they stayed behind to look for it, while ‘Abdullah and the rest of his companions proceeded until they reached Nakhlah. A caravan of Quraish, in the meanwhile, passed hy them. The Quraishi men in that caravan w€re ‘Amr Ibn Al-Hadrami, ‘Uthman Ibn ‘Abdullah Ibn Al-Mughirah Al-Makhzumi and his brother Naufal, and Al-Hakanı Ibn Kaisan, freedman of Hisham Ibn Al-Mughirah.

When the caravan saw them – Ibn Jahsh and his companions – they were afraid of them because they had camped near them. ‘ Akashah, however, appeared to them with his shaved hair, and when they saw him they felt safe and ‘Ammar said, “They would cause you no harın – he thought that they were pilgrims.”

On their part, they Con1panioıı took council among themselves, far this was the last day of Rajab, and they said, “If you leave thenı alone tonight they will get into the prohibited Area and will be safe from you; and if you kill them, you will kill them in the prohibited Month.” Consequently, they were hesitant and feared to attack them. Then, they encouraged each other and decided to kill as many as they could of them and take what they had. Waqid Ibn ‘Abdullah shot ‘Amr Ibn Al-Hadrami with an arrow which caused the latter to die; ‘Uthman Ibn ‘Abdullh and Al-Hakim Ibn Kisan were captured while Naufal Ibn ‘Abdullah escaped.

‘Abdullah Ibn Jahsh and his companions proceeded back to Madinah with the caravan and the two prisoners until they reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).

Someone of ‘ Abdullah’ s family reported that he said to his companions, “A fifth of what we have taken belongs to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).” This was before the revelation of the Qur’ anic verse that decides the way of dividing the booty. Therefore, ‘Abdullah set apart for _ the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), a fifth of the caravan, and divided the rest among his companions. ·

When the Qur’an came down with the way that should adhered to in dividing the booty, it was in agreement with what ‘Abdullah Ibn Jahsh had done.

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