The Epistemology of Ibn Khaldun pdf

CONTENTS – THE EPISTEMOLOGY OF IBN KHALDUN

THE EPISTEMOLOGY OF IBN KHALDUN

Introductory materials to the study of Chapter 6 of the Muqaddima 4

• Introduction 4
• Sources and influences 6
• Textual variants: short and long versions of the introductory remarks 11 The growth of the text 18
• Connection of the introductory materials with the contents of Chapter 6 19 Excursus 19

Man as thinking animal: a philosophical introduction to human psychology and the establishment of social organisation 21

• The significance of fikr 21
• The importance of co-operation (ta£%wun) 22 The process of knowledge 23
• The need for prophecy 24
• The nature of crafts and scientific instruction 25 The contemporary situation 27
• Urban culture and the improvement of the soul 29
• Urban culture and political stability improve the advancement of science 31 xcursus 32

The division of the sciences 33

• The basic division of the sciences 33 The traditional sciences 37
• The sciences of the Quran and the sunna 38
• The law 43
• The science of speculative theology (‘ilm al-kal%m) 50
• Ambiguity in the Quran and the sunna and the dogmatic schools of orthodox and innovators 58
• Sufism and the spiritual sciences 64

The intellectual sciences (al-‘ul#m al-£aqliyya) 76

• Introduction 76
• The science of logic (£ilm al-man_iq) 79 Metaphysics (£ul#m al-il%hiyy%t) 82
• The significance of the intellectual sciences (al-‘ul#m al-‘aqliyya) 86 The sciences of sorcery and the use of talismans 87
• Refutation of philosophy (ib_%l al-falsafa) 90

Scholarship as a science and pedagogical method 99

• Introduction 99
• Problems and obstacles 105
• The value of the short summary ([email protected]%r) and good pedagogical method 107
• The character of instrumental/auxiliary sciences (al-‘ul#m al-%liyya) 112
• Instruction – elementary education (ta£l+m al-wild%n) 116 Perfection in knowledge and the role of language 120 Scholars and politics 122
• Islamic scholarship: the non-Arab and the role of language 124

Language and literature 129

• Introduction 129
• The science of the Arabic language (£ul#m lis%n al-£Arab) 130 The science of literature (£ilm al-adab) 133
• Excursus 134
• The nature and development of language 135 Linguistic taste and the position of classical Arabic 142 Poetry and prose 147
• Excursus 154

7 Conclusions and findings

• Assessment of Ibn Khald#n’s theoretical foundation Concluding remarks and findings 158              

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