The Revolution Which Toppled the Umayyads pdf

The Revolution Which Toppled the Umayyads: Neither Arab Nor Abbasid

THE REVOLUTION WHICH TOPPLED THE UMAYYADS -Book Sample

Contents – THE REVOLUTION WHICH TOPPLED THE UMAYYADS

• TABLE OF CONTENTS
• LIST OF FIGURES .. xii
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .. xiii
• INTRODUCTION: ANTICIPATING THIS WORK . xv
• The Issues .. xv
• The #Abbāsid Connection and Its Impact on the Primary Arabic Sources—The #Abbāsid Riwāyah .   xv
• II.1 The #Abbāsid Riwāyah  .   xv
• 2 The Impact of the #Abbāsid Riwāyah on the Primary
• Sources .. xxi
• Modern Scholarship on the Issues . xxv
• This Book on the Issues . xxxiii
• NOTE ON CONVENTION . xxxvii
• PART ONE
• THE SECRET HISTORY OF THE ORGANIZATION AND THE #ABBĀSID CONNECTION
• PROLOGUE .. 3
• Genesis: The Founding Fathers . 4
• CHAPTER ONE: BUKAYR IBN MĀHĀN—THE EVOLUTION
• OF THE ORGANIZATION (Ca. 105/723—126/744) . 7
• A Personal Profile .. 7

• Early Involvement and the Creation of the Khurāsān Chapter . 8
• The Interim Leaderships of Maysarah al-Nabbāl and Sālim al-A#mā, and Abū #Ikrimah’s Mission as the
• First Resident Envoy-in-Chief in Khurāsān . 12
• Bukayr’s Accession as the Fourth Chief of the Organization— First Phase: Remote Management Through Resident
• Envoys (Ca.105-109/723-728) . 14

• The Disruption—The Khidāsh Years: Independence of the Khurāsān Chapter (Ca. 109-118/727-737) . 16
• Second Phase of Bukayr’s Leadership—Regaining Control over the Khurāsān Chapter, The ‘General Assembly’,
• Restructuring .. 20
• Shuttle Management and the Maturity of Bukayrism— Asserting the Strategic Independence of the Organization and its
• Uniqueness on the Proto-Shī#ite Theatre  .    26
• viii CONTENTS
• VII.1 The Assertion of the Organization’s Independence in
• the Context of Zayd ibn #Alī’s Rising .    26
  • Shuttle Pattern and Frequency . 30
• Was YaÈyā ibn Zayd an Aborted Possibility
• for a Suitable Ri∙ā?  ..    31
• Ibrāhīm al-Imām ‘Succeeds’ His Father in the
• Finest #Abbāsid Tradition  .    33
• VIII. The Twilight Year and the End—Passing the Torch to
• Abū Salamah .. 35
• CHAPTER TWO: ABŪ SALAMAH AL-KHALLĀL— THE TRANSITION FROM BUKAYRISM TO
• THE NEO-KHIDĀSHIST ABŪ MUSLIMISM (126/744-128/746) 39

• A Personal Profile, and a Socio-Economic Portrait of the Early Leadership of the Organization . 39
• In Bukayr’s Shadow—The Expansion and Upgrading of the Organizational Structure of the Khurāsān Chapter . 42
  • A Prominent Founding Father Superficially Reported . 42
  • The Institution of the Three Regional Commands in Khurāsān—the Journey of the Three Black Banners . 44
• The Succession .. 47
• Brief Hands-on Phase—Abū Salamah’s Only Trip to
• Khurāsān as Leader of the Organization . 47

• Chronological Problems and Abū Muslim’s Involvement . 47
• The General Political Situation Surrounding the Trip . 49
• In Khurāsān, a Flourishing Organization Ready to Be Transformed into a Grass-roots Movement . 50
• CHAPTER THREE: ABŪ MUSLIM AL-KHURĀSĀNĪ—THE HIJACKING OF THE KHURĀSĀN CHAPTER OF THE ORGANIZATION .. 53
• Roots? .. 53
• The Kūfan Sojourn/The #Ijlite Connection—
• What Significance? .. 57
• The #Abbāsid Connection—A Plausible Scenario  .    67
• Epilogue .. 71
• ‘Hijacking’ the Khurāsān Chapter . 72
• The Revolution .. 75
• The Role of Transoxania and the Battle for Balkh . 79
• CHAPTER FOUR: REPERCUSSIONS IN KŪFAH . 87
• The Irrelevance of al-Khallāl . 87
• Pseudomanagement by Correspondence . 89
  • Abū Salamah and the Eruption of the Revolution in Khurāsān .. 90
  • Abū Salamah and the First Phases of
• QaÈãabah’s Campaign . 92
• CONTENTS  ix
• I.1.3 Abū Salamah and the Last Phases of
• QaÈãabah’s Campaign .
• Al-Khallāl in Twilight—The Affair of MuÈammad ibn Khālid
• al-Qasrī ..
• 95

• Al-Khallāl Resurges into Supreme Relevance .
• The Regained Legitimacy—The Doctrine of al-Ri∙ā and the Elusive Hāshimiyyah . 99
• III.2 The Effect of QaÈãabah’s Sudden Demise on the
• Balance of Power ..
• III.3 Al-Khallāl Takes Charge .
• III.4 The Dynamics of the Game Between Abū Muslim and Abū Salamah .. 107
• CHAPTER FIVE: THE #ABBĀSID COUP AND
• THE DEMISE OF THE ORGANIZATION .
• I. A Methodological Interlude . 117
• II. Abū Salamah’s Search for a Ri∙ā  . 120
• The #Abbāsid Coup ..
• III.1 The Unfolding of the Drama According to the
• #Abbāsid Riwāyah .. 124
• III.2 Exposing the #Abbāsid Riwāyah and Reconstructing
• a Plausible Scenario ..
• The Demise of the Organization .
• IV.1 In the Aftermath of the Coup—A Precarious
• Power-Sharing Arrangement . 135
• IV.2 The Assassination of the Marginalized Loser . 138
• THE DEMOGRAPHIC BALANCE IN THE REVOLUTIONARY PROVINCE 
• CHAPTER SIX: CONVERSION IN THE PROVINCE .
• II. Conversion: Scope, Patterns and Instances . 146
• II.1 Early Conversion ..
• II.2 The House of Quãbah and the Transoxanian
• Connection … .. 146
• II.3 Conversion South of the Oxus . 154
• III. The ‘Converters’ .. 157
• IV. Conversion—A Trojan Horse . 166
• CHAPTER SEVEN: THE ARABS IN THE PROVINCE . 173
• Revolutionary ‘Aptitude’—A Question of Motives and Intentions ..
• II. Revolutionary Ability—A Question of Quantum . 175
• Arab Immigration to Khurāsān . 177
• Khurāsān’s Particularism as an Outpost of Arab
• Settlement .. 177
• Building up and Maintaining a Stable
• Demographic Balance . 177
• The Geographical Dispersion of the Arabs in Khurāsān—A Military Archipelago .. 185
• The Arab Revolutionary Quanta . 187
• CHAPTER EIGHT: LITERARY TEXTS AS DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS .. 193
• Traditions and Other Texts Quoted Verbatim . 193
• The Crucial Literary Specimen . 200
• II.1. #Abd al-\amīd ibn YaÈyā’s Letters  .  200
• II.2 Naßr ibn Sayyār’s Bā”iyyah Poem  .  206
• An Iranian Para-Islamic Revolutionary Continuum . 212
• PART THREE
• A COLLECTIVE PROFILE OF THE ORGANIZATION— A QUANTITATIVE STUDY
• CHAPTER NINE: THE DATA—COLLECTION AND METHODOLOGY .. 226
• The Statistical Base—The Historiographical Base . 226
• Methodology .. 230
• II.1 Regional Organizational Perimeters . 230
• II.2 Perspectives, Measured Groups and Criteria of
• Measurement.. 231
• II.3 Definitions .. 231
• II.4 Methods of Measurement . 235
• CHAPTER TEN: A COLLECTIVE PROFILE ( I ):
• ETHNIC IDENTITY .. 239
• What’s in a Name .. 240
• Name Recognition .. 245
• The Ethnic Composition of the Organization . 246
• The Non-Arabs: Mawālī and Converts . 255
• CHAPTER ELEVEN: A COLLECTIVE PROFILE ( II ):
• VISIBILITY AND RECOGNITION . 261

• Intra-Organization Historiographical Recognition . 261
• Extra-Organization Historiographical Recognition . 265
• III. Internal Concordance of the Criteria . 271
• CHAPTER TWELVE: A COLLECTIVE PROFILE (III): TRIBAL STRUCTURE, GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION, AND OTHER FEATURES ..
• I. Tribal Structure .. 274
• II. Geographical Distribution . 284
• Other Features ..
• III.1 The Ethno-Tribal Features of the Open Revolution: The
• Revolutionary Eruption, and the March West . 294
• III.2 Conflicting Loyalties . 298
• CHAPTER THIRTEEN: A COLLECTIVE PROFILE (IV): THE FORMAL LEADERSHIP STRUCTURES IN KHURĀSĀN .
• I. The ‘General Assembly’ of 120/738 . 303
• II. The Leadership Structures as Embodied in the Lists . 308
• II.1 The Board of Nuqabā” . 308
• II.2 Nuíarā” al-Nuqabā”  .. 313
• II.3 The Du#āt  .. 314
• II.4 Du#āt al-Du#āt  .. 315
• III. Leadership-Base Quantitative Correlation . 316
• IV. The Destinies of the Leaders . 318
• EPILOGUE .. 323
• APPENDIX ONE: PROSOPOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX . 327
• I. The Kūfah Chapter .. 327
• II.1 Members Active Mainly in Kūfah and the West . 327
• II.2 Resident Emissaries to Khurāsān . 334
• The Khurāsān Chapter .
• APPENDIX TWO: SPECIAL APPENDIX: INDEX OF
• STATISTICAL TABLES IN AGHA, “AGENTS” . 334
• Series I (Kūfah Chapter) .. 380
• Series II (Khurāsān Chapter) . 381
• Series III (The Whole Organization) . 382
• GLOSSARY OF TERMS DEFINED . 384
• BIBLIOGRAPHY .. 385
• Primary Sources .. 385
• Secondary Sources .. 389
• INDEX .. 395

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